FUTURE TENSES + PRESENT / FUTURE MODALS

FUTURE TENSES

Passive forms: will + be + past participle

is/are going to be + past participle

Active: Future with WILL

I will mail the gift.

Jack will mail the gifts.

Passive: Future with WILL

The gift will be mailed by me.

The gifts will be mailed by Jack.

Active: Future with GOING TO

I am going to make the cake.

Sue is going to make two cakes.

Passive: Future with GOING TO

The cake is going to be made by me.

Two cakes are going to be made by Sue.

PRESENT / FUTURE MODALS

The passive form follows this pattern:

modal + be + past participle

Active: WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT)

Sharon will invite Tom to the party.

Sharon won't invite Jeff to the party.

(Sharon will not invite Jeff to the party.)

Passive: WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT)

Tom will be invited to the party by Sharon.

Jeff won't be invited to the party by Sharon.

(Jeff will not be invited to the party by Sharon.)

Active: CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT)

Mai can foretell the future.

Terry can't foretell the future.

(Terry can not foretell the future.)

Passive: CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT)

The future can be foretold by Mai.

The future can't be foretold by Terry.

(The future can not be foretold by Terry.)

Active: MAY / MAY NOT

Her company may give Katya a new office.

The lazy students may not do the homework.

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT

Her company might give Katya a new office.

The lazy students might not do the homework.

Passive: MAY / MAY NOT

Katya may be given a new office by her company.

The homework may not be done by the lazy students.

MIGHT / MIGHT NOT

Katya might be given a new office by her company.

The homework might not be done by the lazy students.

Active: SHOULD / SHOULDN'T

Students should memorize English verbs.

Children shouldn't smoke cigarettes.

Passive: SHOULD / SHOULDN'T

English verbs should be memorized by students.

Cigarettes shouldn't be smoked by children.

Active: OUGHT TO

Students ought to learn English verbs.

(negative ought to is rarely used)

Passive: OUGHT TO

English verbs ought to be memorized by students.

Active: HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT

Students had better practice English every day.

Children had better not drink whiskey.

Passive: HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT

English had better be practiced every day by students.

Whiskey had better not be drunk by children.

Active: MUST / MUST NOT

Tourists must apply for a passport to travel abroad.

Customers must not use that door.

Passive: MUST / MUST NOT

A passport to travel abroad must be applied for.

That door must not be used by customers.

Active: HAS TO / HAVE TO

She has to practice English every day.

Sara and Miho have to wash the dishes every day.

DOESN'T HAVE TO/ DON'T HAVE TO

Maria doesn't have to clean her bedroom every day.

The children don't have to clean their bedrooms every day.

Passive: HAS TO / HAVE TO

English has to be practiced every day.

The dishes have to be washed by them every day.

DOESN'T HAVE TO/ DON'T HAVE TO

Her bedroom doesn't have to be cleaned every day.

Their bedrooms don't have to be cleaned every day.

Active: BE SUPPOSED TO

I am supposed to type the composition.

I am not supposed to copy the stories in the book.

Janet is supposed to clean the living room.

She isn't supposed to eat candy and gum.

They are supposed to make dinner for the family.

They aren't supposed to make dessert.

Passive: BE SUPPOSED TO

The composition is supposed to be typed by me.

The stories in the book are not supposed to be copied.

The living room is supposed to be cleaned by Janet.

Candy and gum aren't supposed to be eaten by her.

Dinner for the family is supposed to be made by them.

Dessert isn't supposed to be made by them.